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For some individuals, a vegan diet can mitigate and possibly eliminate diabetes.
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| Text: | |
| Key Points | 6 |
| Counterclaims | 1 |
| Advocacy Notes | 2 |
| Footnotes | 19 |
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Summary
A concise summary of the briefing (see below for citations).
A vegan diet is widely supported as beneficial for diabetes by leading health organizations, with research showing that the prevalence of type 2 diabetes among vegans is less than half that of non-vegans. Plant-based diets may also be more effective than medications in improving symptoms of type 2 diabetes, with some individuals reducing or eliminating their medications. A vegan diet may even be more effective for diabetes than the diet recommended by the American Diabetes Association.
Context
Places this topic in its larger context.
While a vegan diet can mitigate and possibly eliminate diabetes for some, we are not suggesting that it’s the only diet that can do so.
This topic is not directly related to animal rights and veganism, but it seems likely that people who are concerned about diabetes and know the potential benefits of a vegan diet for diabetes will be less inclined to dismiss veganism.
Key Points
This section provides talking points.
Prominent experts agree that a vegan diet is beneficial for diabetes.
The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics says in an official position statement: “Vegetarians and vegans are at reduced risk of certain health conditions, including ischemic heart disease, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, certain types of cancer, and obesity.1
Harvard Health says: “Research suggests that a predominantly plant-based diet can reduce the risk for type 2 diabetes.”2
Mayo Clinic says: “Reasons for following a vegetarian diet [explicitly defined to include, among other diets, a vegan diet] are varied but include health benefits, such as reducing your risk of heart disease, diabetes and some cancers.”3
Cleveland Clinic says: “There really are no disadvantages to a herbivorous diet! A plant-based diet has many health benefits, including lowering the risk for heart disease, hypertension, Type 2 diabetes, and cancer. It can also help lower cholesterol and blood pressure levels, plus maintain weight and bone health.”4
Kaiser Permanente says: “Physicians should consider recommending a plant-based diet to all their patients, especially those with high blood pressure, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, or obesity.”5
The Dietitians of Canada say: “A healthy vegan diet has many health benefits including lower rates of obesity, heart disease, high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, type 2 diabetes and certain types of cancer.”6
New York Presbyterian Healthcare says that “plant-based diets are believed to be an effective means of treating chronic disease, including diabetes.”7
Vegans may have half the prevalence of diabetes than non-vegans.
A study published by the American Diabetes Association found that the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in vegans was less than half that of those who consumed meat, dairy, and eggs, and was also less compared to various other varieties of vegetarian diets (the study followed more than 60,000 people).8
Vegan and vegetarian diets may be more effective than medications in improving diabetes symptoms.
A vegan diet may be more effective for diabetes than the diet recommended by the American Diabetes Association.
A study published in Diabetes Care Journal found that a vegan diet was more effective at improving type 2 diabetes than the American Diabetes Association’s own diet.14
Those adopting a vegan diet may be able to lower or eliminate their diabetes medications.
According to a review published in Current Diabetes Reports in 2018, several studies have found that medication use significantly decreased or was able to be discontinued when participants “adopted any type of vegetarian or vegan diet.”15
Studies indicate that plant-based diets could help with type 1 diabetes, not just type 2.
A randomized clinical trial comprised of individuals with type 1 diabetes compared the effects of a low-fat vegan diet versus a portion-controlled diet over 12 weeks. The findings, published in ADA’s Clinical Diabetes in 2024, suggest that a low-fat vegan diet may be beneficial for improving glycemic control, reducing insulin requirements, and promoting cardiovascular and renal health in individuals.16
“Plant-based diets rich in whole carbohydrates can improve insulin sensitivity and other health markers in individuals with type 1 diabetes, according to two case studies published by researchers from the Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine in the Journal of Diabetes and Metabolism.”17
Counterclaims
Responses to some yes but retorts.
Claim: Vegan diets are not the only dietary pattern that can mitigate diabetes.
This is true,18 but if diabetes can be mitigated by a dietary pattern that is healthy overall, the most ethically sound, and is better for the environment, why wouldn’t you make that choice?
Supplementary Info
Additional information that may prove useful.
Statistics from the American Diabetes Association:19
- Prevalence. In the United States, 11.6% of the population, or 38.4 million people, had diabetes in 2021. 1 in 5 people with diabetes don’t know they have it.
- Type. Type 2 diabetes accounts for around 95% of diagnosed cases, while type 1 diabetes accounts for around 5%.
- New Cases. Each year, 1.2 million people in the United States receive a diabetes diagnosis.
- Cost. The average medical costs for individuals with diagnosed diabetes are 2.6 times greater than they would be without the condition.
Further Study
Sources providing a deeper understanding of the topic or related topics.
Other Resources
Article: Diabetes and Diet: Here’s What You Need to Know (Forks Over Knives)
Article: Vegan Diet and Diabetes: Everything You Need to Know (Diabetes Strong)
Video: A Nutritional Approach for Reversing Diabetes (Neal Barnard, MD)
Video: Eric Adams On Reversing His Diabetes Diagnosis (Physicians Committee)
Video: FAT causes diabetes, not carbs (Featuring Physicians Neal Barnard and Garth Davis)
Advocacy Resources
Information to help with outreach and advocacy.
Additional media and advocacy resources are on the way, though not every briefing will feature every type of media.
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Advocacy Notes
Tips for Advocacy and Outreach
As noted in the Context Section, it seems likely that people who are concerned about diabetes and know the potential benefits of a vegan diet for diabetes will be less inclined to dismiss veganism.
During a general conversation on veganism, this topic is not likely to come up, but if it does you should determine whether on not your interlocutor has a personal connection to the disease. If so, spend more time covering the key points in this briefing; if not, try to bring the conversation back to the animals and ethics.
Footnotes
Our sources, with links back to where they’re used.
- Melina, Vesanto, Winston Craig, and Susan Levin. “Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: Vegetarian Diets.” Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics 116, no. 12 (December 2016): 1970–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2016.09.025. ↩︎
- “Becoming a Vegetarian.” Harvard Health Publishing, Harvard Medical School. April 15, 2020.
↩︎ - Vegetarian Diet: How to Get the Best Nutrition.” Mayo Clinic. March 14, 2016. ↩︎
- Understanding Vegetarianism & Heart Health” Cleveland Clinic, December 2013. ↩︎
- Phillip J Tuso, MD, Mohamed H Ismail, MD, Benjamin P Ha, MD, and Carole Bartolotto, MD, RD. “Nutritional Update for Physicians: Plant-Based Diets.” The Permanente Journal – The Permanente Press – Kaiser Permanente – Permanente Medical Groups, 2013. ↩︎
- Healthy Eating Guidelines for Vegans.” Dietitians of Canada, November 2017. ↩︎
- Ask A Nutritionist: Plant-Based Diets.” NewYork-Presbyterian, March 30, 2017. ↩︎
- Tonstad S, Butler T, Yan R, Fraser GE. Type of vegetarian diet, body weight, and prevalence of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2009; 32(5):791–796. ↩︎
- Olfert MD, Wattick RA. Vegetarian Diets and the Risk of Diabetes. Curr Diab Rep. 2018 Sep 18;18(11):101. ↩︎
- Anderson JW, Ward K. High-carbohydrate, high-fiber diets for insulin-treated men with diabetes mellitus. Am J Clin Nutr. 1979;32(11):2312–2 ↩︎
- Barnard RJ, Jung T, Inkeles SB. Diet and exercise in the treatment of NIDDM. The need for early emphasis. Diabetes Care. 1994;17:1469–1472. ↩︎
- Barnard ND, Cohen J, Jenkins DJ, et al. A low-fat vegan diet improves glycemic control and cardiovascular risk factors in a randomized clinical trial in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2006;29(8):1777–1783. ↩︎
- Tonstad S, Butler T, Yan R, Fraser GE. Type of vegetarian diet, body weight, and prevalence of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2009;32(5):791–796. ↩︎
- Neal D. Barnard, MD, et al. “A low-fat vegan diet improves glycemic control and cardiovascular risk factors in a randomized clinical trial in individuals with type 2 diabetes.” Diabetes Care Journal, August 2006 ↩︎
- Olfert MD, Wattick RA. Vegetarian Diets and the Risk of Diabetes. Curr Diab Rep. 2018 Sep 18;18(11):101. ↩︎
- Hana Kahleova, Tatiana Znayenko-Miller, Karen Smith, Cyrus Khambatta, Robby Barbaro, Macy Sutton, Danielle N. Holtz, Mark Sklar, Desiree Pineda, Richard Holubkov, Neal D. Barnard; Effect of a Dietary Intervention on Insulin Requirements and Glycemic Control in Type 1 Diabetes: A 12-Week Randomized Clinical Trial. Clin Diabetes 2024; cd230086. ↩︎
- “Plant-Based Diets High in Carbs Improve Type 1 Diabetes, According to New Case Studies.” Physicians Committee. July 23, 2020 ↩︎
- Khazrai, Y. M., et al. “Effect of Diet on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Review.” Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews, vol. 30, no. S1, 14 Feb. 2017, pp. 24–33. Accessed 12 Jan. 2025. ↩︎
- American Diabetes Association. “Statistics about Diabetes.” Diabetes.org, American Diabetes Association, 2 Nov. 2023. Accessed 12 Jan. 2025. ↩︎
